PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

Which type of thyroid cancer is known for a good prognosis and presents as a painless single nodule?

1. Follicular

2. Medullary

3. Papillary

4. Anaplastic

The correct answer is: Papillary

The correct answer is papillary thyroid cancer, which is indeed known for its favorable prognosis. This type of cancer often presents as a painless single nodule in the thyroid gland and is the most common form of thyroid cancer. Its slow growth rate and tendency to remain localized contribute to the excellent survival rates associated with it, especially in younger patients. Papillary thyroid cancer is also characterized by its histological features, including the presence of "Orphan Annie eye" nuclei and branching structures, which aid in its diagnosis. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the affected thyroid tissue, with many patients not requiring further intervention after surgery due to the cancer's indolent nature. The other forms of thyroid cancer mentioned vary significantly in their characteristics and prognosis. Follicular thyroid cancer can be more aggressive and has a less favorable prognosis compared to papillary cancer. Medullary thyroid cancer, while also manageable, often requires more extensive treatment due to its relation to genetic syndromes. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive and has a poor prognosis due to rapid growth and a tendency to metastasize. Understanding these differences reinforces the importance of recognizing the type of thyroid cancer as it relates to treatment strategies and patient outcomes.