PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

Which medical intervention is typically NOT part of the treatment for hyperparathyroidism secondary to hyperplasia?

1. Removing all PTH

2. Administration of Calcium

3. Furosemide

4. Monitoring calcium levels

The correct answer is: Administration of Calcium

In the context of managing hyperparathyroidism secondary to hyperplasia, the typical treatment focuses on reducing the elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and managing the resultant hypercalcemia. The correct response indicates that the administration of calcium is generally not a part of this treatment paradigm. In fact, hyperparathyroidism leads to increased calcium levels in the blood due to enhanced bone resorption, renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increased intestinal absorption of calcium mediated by vitamin D. Therefore, administering calcium would exacerbate the hypercalcemic state, making it counterproductive in this scenario. Instead, the management usually involves surgical intervention, such as removing the abnormal parathyroid glands leading to the hyperplasia, in cases where patients are symptomatic or have significant complications. Monitoring calcium levels is also crucial to assess the effectiveness of treatment and to prevent complications associated with elevated calcium. Diuretics like furosemide may be used to help manage acute hypercalcemia by promoting renal excretion of calcium, further emphasizing the importance of avoiding additional calcium intake.