PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is the most common cause of pancreatitis?

1. Gallstones

2. Alcoholism

3. Medication reactions

4. Autoimmune disorders

The correct answer is: Alcoholism

The most common cause of pancreatitis is gallstones. This condition occurs when solid particles form in the gallbladder and block the bile duct, leading to inflammation of the pancreas. Although alcohol consumption is also a significant contributor to pancreatitis and ranks high on the list of causes, gallstones are generally acknowledged as the leading cause, particularly in acute cases. Gallstones can lead to the obstruction of the pancreatic duct or the common bile duct, resulting in increased pressure and activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas, which can cause the organ to become inflamed. Lifestyle factors, such as diets high in fat, can also influence the formation of gallstones and subsequently contribute to pancreatitis. In cases where pancreatitis is attributed to alcohol use, it is crucial to note that while alcohol can lead to chronic inflammation and is a common cause of recurrent episodes, gallstones tend to be the primary trigger for acute pancreatitis.