PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What is defined as an abnormal dilation of an artery?

Arteriosclerosis
Aneurysm
Arteriovenous malformation
Collateral circulation

The correct answer is: Aneurysm

An aneurysm is defined as an abnormal dilation of an artery, which can occur due to structural weaknesses in the arterial wall. This outpouching can lead to significant complications, such as rupture or thrombosis, depending on the size and location of the aneurysm. The dilation involves the entire thickness of the arterial wall, which distinguishes it from other vascular conditions. In contrast, arteriosclerosis refers to the thickening and hardening of arterial walls, leading to decreased elasticity and potential narrowing of the arteries but does not specifically denote a dilation. Arteriovenous malformation describes an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system, rather than dilation of an artery itself. Collateral circulation refers to alternative vascular pathways that might develop to supply blood flow to a region when the main vessels are obstructed and does not imply dilation of an artery. Thus, the term most accurately describing the abnormal dilation of an artery is indeed an aneurysm.