PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What can occur if a total removal of a pheochromocytoma tumor leads to the sudden release of catecholamines?

1. Sudden low blood sugar

2. Cardiac dysrhythmias

3. Chronic fatigue

4. Increased anxiety

The correct answer is: Cardiac dysrhythmias

The sudden release of catecholamines, which are hormones produced by the adrenal glands, can occur during or after the total removal of a pheochromocytoma tumor. Pheochromocytomas are known for secreting high levels of catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. When the tumor is removed, there can be a dramatic and rapid increase in the levels of these hormones in the bloodstream, leading to several physiological effects. One significant consequence of this sudden surge in catecholamines is the potential for cardiac dysrhythmias. These hormones directly impact the cardiovascular system by increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and in some cases, they can lead to ectopic heart beats or more serious rhythm disturbances. The heart's electrical conduction system can become overstimulated, leading to arrhythmias, which may manifest as palpitations, irregular heartbeats, or in severe cases, complications like atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. Understanding the role of catecholamines in the cardiovascular system is crucial for anticipating and managing potential complications following the surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma.