PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

Loss of H+ is indicative of which condition?

1. Metabolic acidosis

2. Metabolic alkalosis

3. Respiratory alkalosis

4. Respiratory acidosis

The correct answer is: Metabolic alkalosis

Loss of H+ is indicative of metabolic alkalosis. This condition occurs when there is an increase in bicarbonate (HCO3-) or a loss of hydrogen ions (H+) from the body, leading to an increase in pH. This can happen due to various factors, such as prolonged vomiting, which results in the loss of gastric acid (HCl), or excessive ingestion of bicarbonate. In metabolic alkalosis, the body's acid-base balance shifts towards alkalinity, which is characterized by an elevated arterial blood pH and a bicarbonate level greater than 26 mEq/L. The loss of H+ is a critical component because it signifies that there is not enough acid in the body to maintain normal pH levels. In contrast, metabolic acidosis would involve a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acid, respiratory acidosis would involve retention of carbon dioxide leading to increased H+, and respiratory alkalosis would involve hyperventilation, resulting in loss of CO2 and thus a decrease in H+. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for diagnosing and treating acid-base disturbances effectively.